مجله علوم دامی ایران
سال پنجاه و چهارم شماره 1 (بهار 1402)

The aim of this study was to determine the response of the Ross 308 broilers to β- mannanase containing multi-enzyme with different percentages of nutrient equivalency values of multi-enzyme in corn-soybean based dies. A total of 192 male Ross 308 broiler chicks were used in a completely randomized design with six treatments, eight replicates, and four birds in each. Treatment one (positive control) was a normal corn-soybean meal diet without multi-enzymes. Treatments two, three, four, and five contained 0.3 kg/ton multi enzymes, using 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the nutrients equivalency value of enzyme, respectively. The sixth treatment (negative control) was like to fifth treatment but without added multi-enzyme. Body weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were assessed weekly. The results indicate, no significant difference among the treatment one and two in body weight gain and FCR. At 42 days of age, the difference in body weight of the negative control group and treatment five was significant (P<0.0001). The similar performance of birds in treatment two despite lower metabolized energy, crude protein, and phosphorus with added enzyme, comparing to the positive control group, indicating that multi-enzyme had the potential for releasing the feed nutrients.

The present study was aimed to evaluate temporal changes in milk fatty acids and antioxidants of Saanen goat in response to berberine (BBR) supplementation during the transition period. Twenty-four primiparous Saanen dairy goats were used from 21 days before predicted parturition to 21 days after kidding. Experimental treatments were included: 1) control (without BBR supplement), 2) control + 1 g/d BBR, 3) control + 2 g/d BBR and 4) control + 4 g/d BBR. Body condition score (BCS) and body weight (BW) of individual goats were measured on days -21, -14, -7, 0, 7, 14 and 21 relative to parturition. Also, milk samples were harvested at days 0, 7, 14 and 21 following parturition. The results showed that dry matter intake (DMI), BCS and milk yield were increased with supplementation of 2 and 4 g/d BBR (P≤0.05). Milk lactose was also enhanced with increased BBR ingestion (P≤0.05). BBR consumption caused changes in milk fatty acids (FAs) profile in accordance with the energy balance. By supplementing 2 and 4 g/d BBR in transition goats, the level of de novo FAs were increased and free fatty acids (FFAs) were decreased (P≤0.05). BBR supplementation was also associated with a decrease in C18:1n9 fatty acid. The level of milk malondialdehyde (MDA) in goats supplemented with 2 and 4 g/d BBR was also decreased (P≤0.05). The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as well as the level of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes in the milk of goats fed 2 and 4 g/d BBR was higher than the control (P≤0.05). In summary, these results showed that BBR supplementation as a new therapeutic strategy in transition period could improve lactation performance, energy balance, and milk antioxidant indicators.

The aim of this study was to investigate the ruminal disappearance (releases or solubility) of mineral elements (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium and potassium) from feedstuffs (wheat straw, sugar beet pulp, alfalfa, silage and wheat bran) and to compare the disappearance of five types of mineral supplements (mono calcium phosphate, di calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, oyster shell and limestone). The analysis of the feed section was performed by a completely randomized design five feed and the mineral supplements section was performed. Examination of ruminal release of minerals from feeds showed that except calcium, a large part of minerals in food was released at zero time (P<0.05). Disappearance rate increased with increasing incubation time. Release order of elements in the incubation times was in the form of potassium, phosphorus, calcium, sodium and magnesium and the highest disappearance rate was for potassium and the lowest release rate was for magnesium (P<0.05). In the study of the highest release rate was obtained during 72 hours of incubation for potassium in alfalfa hay (P<0.05). In the other part of the experiment, the highest disappearance was obtained for monocalcium phosphate and the lowest for calcium carbonate in total incubation times (P<0.05). Also, monocalcium phosphate mineral supplements had the highest and calcium carbonate treatment had the lowest disappearance parameters soluble part of dry matter, and significant difference between experimental treatments for effective dry matter degradability at flow rates of 2, 5 and 8 (P<0.05). In general, the amount of potassium disappearance was the highest in all nutrients and in all incubation times, and also monocalcium phosphate had the highest rate of degradability parameters.

Honey bees are small insects with many useful products. Venom is one of these products with therapeutic benefits and high commercial value. Many factors affect the bee venom and its main components, namely Melittin, Apamine and Phospholipase A2. This study investigates the effect of seasonal and geographical location on the venom composition in 8 cities, during three seasons of spring, summer and autumn, in a completely randomized design with 4 replications(hives). Analysis of venom samples from the target areas in different seasons by HPLC showed that the mentioned components, other than apamine (correlation=0.339), had no correlation with temperature. The mean amount of Protein, Melittin and Phospholipase A2 of the treatments did not differ significantly during the 3 seasons (p>0.05). The mean percentage of melittin (63.15 %) and phospholipase A2 (8.19 %) in spring; apamine (4.03 %) and protein (48.89 µg/100mg) were maximum in summer. The highest amount of Protein and Apamin in the venom was related to karaj (50.28% and 4.33% respectively), the highest amount of Melittin in khoramabad city and the highest Phospholipase A2 was in birjand city. The effects of season have on venom components through temperature can be in addition to the direct effect on honey bees and venom production glands, through the effect on vegetation of area or the presence of seasonal changes in the venom components in addition to the effect of geographical location, a reflection of the difference in vegetation.

This study was done to evaluate the microencapsulated Spirulina powder on nutrient digestibility, immune response, and some blood parameters in broiler chickens. A total of 160 one-day old Ross 308 broiler chicks (mixed-sex) were assigned to a completely randomized design with four treatments, 4 replicates, and 10 chicks in each replicate. Experimental treatments included basal diet (without additive), basal diet +0.3, 0.6 or 0.9% microencapsulated Spirulina powder. Results showed that using all the levels of dietary microencapsulated Spirulina powder increased primary antibody titer against sheep red blood cell compared to control group. Feeding microencapsulated Spirulina powder at the levels of 0.3 or 0.6% increased IgM, IgG, and total antibody titer on d 35. Treatments contained microencapsulated Spirulina powder caused lower VLDL compared to control group (P<0.05). Adding 0.6 or 0.9% microencapsulated Spirulina powder to diet decreased LDL compared to control group. The birds fed with treatment contained 0.6% microencapsulated Spirulina powder had higher level of red blood cell compared to control group. The results of the present study showed that feeding microencapsulated Spirulina powder promoted humoral immune system, decreased the levels of VLDL, LDL, and increased the percentage of red blood cell in broiler chickens.

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of adding enzymes and probiotics to diets containing different levels of metabolizable energy on performance and net energy efficiency in broiler-fed based on corn-soybean meal. This experiment was performed with 8 treatments and 5 replications with 400 maleRoss 308 broiler chicks. Treatments including diets with and without multi-enzyme (0, 500 g/t), with and without probiotics lactofid (0, 200 g/t) and two levels of metabolizable energy (2850 and 3100 kcal/kg) in a 2×2×2 factorial arrangement with completely randomized design. Increasing dietary energy level to 3100 kcal/kg improved feed consumption throughout the whole period and increased weight gain during the growing period and the in whole period of the experiment (p<0.05). Adding of probiotics increased weight gain of chickens during the growth period (p<0.05). Adding of enzymes, probiotics and increasing energy level increased organic matter digestibility (p<0.05). Supplementation of enzymes and probiotics to diet containing 3100 kcal/kg of metabolizable energy, increased energy efficiency and efficiency of energy retention as protein and fat in the body of broiler chicks (p<0.05).

Coccidiosis is a parasitic protozoal disease throughout the world caused by Eimeria species. This disease is also common in Iran. There are many anticoccidial drugs, however; new drugs release are essential due to drug resistance. Green tea (Camellia sinensis) is a plant with antioxidant against diseases and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) has also antibacterial, antioxidant and antifungal effects. The anticoccidial drugs prescription are accompany with drug resistance and their poultry meat residue. Thus, the present study was aimed to investigate the effect of C. sinensis and T. vulgaris extracts on sporulation of Eimeria species oocysts of broiler chicken exereta. For this purpose, fecal samples were collected from broiler chicken farms of West Azerbaijan province, Iran. Oocysts were collected using floatation technique. A total number of 5×104 oocysts per mL exposed with different concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80 mg/ml) of C. sinensis and T. vulgaris in different times. Results indicated. C. sinensis and T. vulgaris extracts anticoccidial effect on sporulation of Eimeria oocysts was dose dependent. C. sinensis and T. vulgaris extracts inhibit sporulation of Eimeria oocysts at concentration of 80 and 60 mg/mL after 72h and 48h, respectively. It was concluded that C. sinensis and T. vulgaris extracts can inhibit sporulation of Eimeria oocysts under laboratory condition.